Pediatric Pulmonology, 2nd edition (Original PDF from Publisher)

Comprehensive Guide to Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine: A Second Edition of Expertise

Foundation of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine

This comprehensive guide delves into the foundational principles of pediatric pulmonology and sleep medicine, including detailed explanations of:

• Anatomy and Physiology: The intricate structure and function of the respiratory and sleep systems in children.
• Physical Examination: Expert techniques for assessing respiratory and sleep concerns.
• Pulmonary Testing: Non-invasive and invasive procedures to evaluate lung function and detect abnormalities.
• Imaging: Advanced imaging modalities for visualizing the respiratory system and detecting pathologies.
• Bronchoscopy: A specialized technique for inspecting and treating the airways directly.

Allergic Conditions

• Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: An allergic fungal infection affecting the lungs and airways.
• Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: An inflammatory response to inhaled antigens from mold, bacteria, or other sources.
• Eosinophilic Pneumonia: A rare condition characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs.
• Asthma: A chronic airway disease causing inflammation, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.

Anatomical Disorders

• Congenital Abnormalities of the Upper Airway: Structural defects in the nose, pharynx, or larynx that obstruct breathing.
• Congenital Lung Anomalies: Malformations of the lungs that can impact their development and function.
• Chest Wall and Spinal Deformities: Conditions that affect the shape of the chest or spine, leading to respiratory difficulties.

Upper Airway Infections

• Croup: A viral infection causing severe hoarseness, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
• Epiglottitis: A life-threatening bacterial infection of the epiglottis, a flap that covers the larynx during swallowing.
• Bacterial Tracheitis: A bacterial infection of the trachea, the main airway leading to the lungs.

Lower Airway Infections

• Bronchiectasis: A chronic condition marked by abnormal widening of the airways, leading to mucus accumulation and infections.
• Bronchiolitis: A viral infection of the small airways in the lungs, causing wheezing and difficulty breathing in infants.
• Viral Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs most commonly caused by viruses, including COVID-19.
• Nonviral Pneumonia: Pneumonia caused by bacteria, fungi, or other nonviral organisms.
• Complications of Pneumonia: Severe conditions such as pleural effusion, empyema, and lung abscess that can result from pneumonia.
• Recurrent Pneumonia: Repeated episodes of pneumonia, often associated with underlying medical conditions.
• Tuberculosis: A contagious bacterial infection of the lungs that can be life-threatening.
• Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: A group of bacteria that can cause lung infections, often in immunocompromised individuals.

Noninfectious Pulmonary Disorders

• Atelectasis: Collapse or underinflation of the lungs, which can occur due to various reasons.
• Respiratory Disorders Associated with Systemic Inflammatory Diseases: Lung problems linked to conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
• Interstitial Lung Disease: A group of diffuse lung diseases characterized by inflammation and scarring of the lung tissue.
• Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A chronic respiratory condition in premature infants caused by lung damage due to mechanical ventilation.
• Pleural Effusion (Noninfectious): Fluid accumulation in the space surrounding the lungs.
• Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum: Conditions characterized by air accumulation in the pleural space and mediastinum, respectively.
• Pulmonary Hemorrhage: Bleeding into the lungs, which can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions.

Pediatric Sleep Medicine

• Sleep Development and Maturation: The normal stages and patterns of sleep as children grow and develop.
• Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A condition where the airways become blocked during sleep, causing breathing interruptions.
• Home Sleep Testing: Noninvasive methods for diagnosing sleep disorders in children.
• Sleep-Related Movement Disorders: Conditions such as restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder that disrupt sleep.
• Insomnia: Difficulty falling or staying asleep.
• Parasomnias: Abnormal behaviors that occur during sleep, such as sleepwalking and night terrors.
• Narcolepsy and Other Disorders of Excessive Somnolence: Conditions characterized by extreme daytime sleepiness.
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Brief Resolved Unexplained Events: Conditions involving sudden death or unexplained episodes in infants.
• Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome: A rare condition where infants have difficulty breathing due to an underdeveloped respiratory center in the brain.