Sleep and Anesthesia, An Issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics, 1e (The Clinics: Internal Medicine)

Sleep and Neurorehabilitation: Unraveling the Intertwined Landscape

Introduction
The intricate interplay between sleep and neurorehabilitation has garnered significant attention in recent years. This special issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics, meticulously curated by guest editor Frances Chung, MBBS FRCPC of the University of Toronto, delves into the multifaceted aspects of this burgeoning field.

Sleep and Anesthesia
Anesthesia, the cornerstone of surgical procedures, profoundly impacts sleep patterns. Articles in this section will explore the reciprocal relationship between these two domains, examining the effects of anesthesia on sleep quality and vice versa.

Neurobiology, Medicine, and Society
Sleep and neurorehabilitation are inextricably linked to neurobiology and societal influences. This section will delve into the neurological mechanisms underlying sleep disorders and their impact on neurological recovery, as well as the social and cultural factors that shape both sleep and neurorehabilitation outcomes.

Upper Airway, OSA, and Anesthesia
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by repetitive airway collapse during sleep, poses unique challenges in the perioperative setting. Articles in this section will focus on the management of OSA in anesthesia patients, including pre- and post-operative considerations and anesthetic techniques.

Positions, Sleep, and Anesthesia
Patient positioning during anesthesia can significantly affect sleep quality and postoperative outcomes. This section will examine the effects of different positions, such as supine, prone, and lateral positioning, on sleep parameters and the implications for neurorehabilitation.

Sleep Deprivation, OSA, and Inflammation
Sleep deprivation and OSA have been linked to increased inflammatory responses, which can hinder neurorehabilitation progress. This section will delve into the complex relationship between sleep, inflammation, and recovery, exploring the mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions.

Preoperative Screening for OSA
Identifying OSA prior to surgery is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes. Articles in this section will discuss the role of preoperative screening, including diagnostic tools, risk assessment, and appropriate management strategies.

PAP Therapy for Perioperative Patients
Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP), plays a vital role in managing OSA during the perioperative period. This section will explore the benefits, indications, and considerations for PAP therapy in this setting.

Conclusion
The study of sleep and neurorehabilitation is a rapidly evolving field that holds immense promise for improving patient outcomes. This special issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics provides a comprehensive overview of current research and practice, offering valuable insights into the intricate relationship between sleep disorders, neurorehabilitation, and perioperative care. By fostering a deeper understanding of these interconnections, we can create more effective and personalized approaches to neurorehabilitation, ultimately enhancing the overall well-being of our patients.